Department of Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Branch of Homeland Security - Essay Example What's more, a last survey shows the triumphs and disappointments for the past, present and fate of the DHS. Watchwords: DHS, OIG, CRS, ACE, GAO. Branch of Homeland Security Its Establishment, The Organization, Then and Now 2002 †2013 Introduction: â€Å"Our country is more grounded than it was on 9/11, increasingly arranged to go up against developing dangers, and stronger despite our proceeded challenges.† (Napolitano, 2011). It has been 10 years since the assaults on September 11, 2001. Our country lost almost 3,000 blameless men, ladies and youngsters just as residents from in excess of 90 nations. In the wake of the assault, America has gotten considerably more grounded and flexible; in any case, dangers despite everything continue. We have defeated difficulties in the previous decade, however more walks should be made to monitor our country against other enormous assaults or cataclysmic events all alone soil.(DHS.gov, 2012). We have come to understand that it isn't just the obligation of our administration to keep up security however it is a common duty of every American. The Federal government has banded together with government, general society and private parts in networks over our nation and different countries to fortify the DHS’s framework. This enormous security attempt attempts to protect against dangers, limit chances, and amplify our reaction with the goal that we may recoup rapidly from any assaults or varying catastrophes. (DHS.gov, 2012). The vision, â€Å"Preserving our opportunities, ensuring America..we secure our homeland.† (Napolitano, 2013). Foundation, Breakdown and Purpose: Immediately after the 9/11 assaults President Bush made definitive move to guarantee assurance for America. In the record of June 2002 he set up the White House Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council to guarantee that our government reaction and defensive activities would be powerful later on. He designated Tom Ridge as Homeland Security Advisor to contemplate the central government and decide whether what we have now would be adequate to manage a present danger. He was likewise trained to assess the framework to the extent future dangers and anything obscure. (Bramble, 2002). The investigation confirmed that since 9/11 data found out about the adversary while battling a war required more unification in the country security division. (Bramble, 2002). The association would concentrate on four explicit and productive divisions. 1. Outskirt and transportation security would cover fringes, transportation frameworks and regional waters. Duties of the Coast Guard, Customs, Immigration, Border Patrol, and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service of the Department of Agriculture would all be under this division. The recently framed Transportation Security Administration would cover all passages into the United States. This safety effort guaranteed that fringe control and visas were held in a foca l data sharing database. (Shrubbery, 2002). 2. Crisis readiness and reaction concentrated on preparing for household debacle readiness of people on call and correspondence with the administration fiasco reaction endeavors. FEMA would turn into a focal division of the DHS.

Tips For Writing a Letter to Santa Claus

Tips For Writing a Letter to Santa ClausA great Christmas present could be a letter to Santa Claus - but only if you follow a few simple rules of style. There is no need to rush into a text-only novel with the click of a mouse or create an elaborate script that just doesn't sound right for the occasion.First of all, choose a suitable author for your Santa letter. It could be a relative, a friend, a classmate, a sibling, or a teacher. As long as it's a normal human being who has a unique perspective on the Christmas spirit, it can be used.Make sure you have done some good research by trawling through books and newspapers that mention Santa Claus. He isn't just someone that comes along in Christmas movies to give children gifts, he's a living tradition.Besides, when it comes to writing a letter to Santa, it's not unusual for children to have ideas for you to follow - and even to suggest how the letter should turn out. So be sure to take this into account before you begin writing.You ma y want to add some poems to your writing, so be prepared. In addition, you may be able to find recordings of Santa reading children's letters, which is a great way to incorporate his voice into your own letter.Just make sure that the letter isn't just stuffed full of Christmas cheer. Santa wants more, and if you're hoping for him to come round and spend the night, it won't work. So avoid using the word 'Christmas' or any other holiday decorations.Writing about Santa Claus could be fun, but it doesn't have to be difficult. All you need to do is to decide on the best subject, and then just sit down and start writing. You can even hire someone to help you with the rest.However you choose to go about it, it will only take you a little bit of time and effort. All in all, it will be worth it, as there is no better way to prepare for Christmas than writing a letter to Santa.

A Study of Tradition 10 of the 12 Traditions

A Study of Tradition 10 of the 12 Traditions May 24, 2018 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use By not expressing opinions on outside issues, 12 step groups hope to avoid controversy, both publically and within the fellowship itself. This policy also helps members keep the focus on their common purpose. Tradition 10: Alcoholics Anonymous (and Al-Anon) has no opinion on outside issues; hence the A.A. name ought never be drawn into public controversy. As Al-Anons preamble to the twelve steps and traditions says, Al-Anon is not allied with any sect, denomination, political entity, organization or institution. It does not engage in any controversy, neither endorses nor opposes any cause. Likewise, Alcoholics Anonymous does not lend its name to outside organizations, such as professional treatment facilities. You might see advertisements for treatment programs that claim to be 12-step based, but you wont see any that say they are affiliated with A.A. Applying Principle to Personal Lives If this tradition is followed, it works to keep the fellowship as a whole from engaging in public controversy, but the principal can also be applied to all the affairs of individual members. For example, if Al-Anon members apply this principle to their lives then someone elses recovery -- or more importantly, lack of recovery -- becomes an outside issue, allowing them to detach from the problems of others and focus on their own recovery process. Visitors to this site have taken the time to share their experience, strength, and hope on Tradition 10. Here are their observations: Sticking to the Book The Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous is like The Bible if we follow the message as it was clearly laid out there would be no need to bring in controversy, or outsiders trying to change what it is (along with insiders). Through the years many churches have come up with different opinions as to what was written, leaving society with all sorts of new and improved ways to change the Word of God that they supposedly understood -- and in those changes we have seen a multitude of different churches arrive. In AA, although not perfect, in its 10th Tradition tries harder than any other fellowship Ive seen to stay with the message exactly as it was written. It may have some cracks, but I have yet to see it split apart as I have seen so many churches do, based on public controversy and opinions, and I believe because we value our 10th Tradition, and do our best to protect our fellowship, because our hereafter is now -- not when we die due to the devastating effects of our disease. We as a whole know we are responsible for keeping AA for ourselves just as it is or we are doomed before we could ever think of a place such as heaven, so we will continue to uphold our 10th tradition. Alethea Keep it Simple Alcoholics Anonymous could do nothing but die if it was not for this tradition. If AA officially held opinions on various issues outside the program that could serve to alienate members who disagreed. I have heard many misinformed folks refer to AA as a cult, if not for tradition 10 it could develop into just that with policy set in New York and the rest of us expected to mentally follow. We would be like a political party. I believe this tradition is important for individual AA members as well. Sometimes opinions or treatment center jargon get passed off as AA lore, things like anyone who smokes cigarettes isnt really sober or when we attempt to be untrained Medical Doctors dealing with other members health and medication issues. I even read in the most recent Box 459 about a member whose sponsor told her she had to take a new sobriety date because she had surgery and had to have pain medication. These sorts of opinions can get passed on to newcomers like important parts of the program when in fact they are outside issues. I feel that it is important for me to keep tradition 10 in mind when I share in meetings, the man or woman with the least knowledge of what this program is about is after all the most important person in the room. Maryann Tradition 10: An Oxymoron? In theory, it is a wonderful Tradition. In reality, there are many controversial issues and opinions that Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. (AAWS) becomes involved in. As the old saying goes, by not making a decision you are making a decision. The same goes for not having an opinion. By not taking sides, in theory, AA cannot put itself in a position other than that of neutrality. When neutral, there is no right or wrong nor is there a chance of problems diverting AA from its primary purpose of helping alcoholics recover if they (the alcoholic) desire to do so. This Tradition is also some sort of oxymoron. Take 10 alcoholics and ask their opinions. You will probably get at least 12 opinions. All alcoholics have opinions, most of them strong ones. Controversy is what makes AA grow and prosper in a spiritual sense. It has been that way ever since AA began. All one needs to start a meeting is a resentment and a coffee pot. AAWS itself goes into the public courts litigating to protect property. By doing so, AAWS violates the confidentiality and anonymity of individual AA members and thus invites public controversy. AA the Fellowship and AAWS - the business and publishing empire - are different entities. As a Spiritual Fellowship, AA members, meetings, and groups help carry on this Tradition as it was intended by our founding members. As a business, AAWS has often violated this Tradition and places AA in jeopardy. Just a personal opinion. Mitchell Back to The Twelve Traditions Study

2 Ways To Make a Model Comet That Makes a Tail

A real comet is a mixture of several materials. While each comet has its own unique chemical signature, most of them contain water ice, organic compounds, dust, and rocky or stony chunks. Its fun to make your own comet and expose it to a simulated solar wind to observe its behavior. Heres how to make a model comet that behaves like the real deal. This particular recipe uses solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) so that it will sublimate into a comet tail when exposed to heat. Feel free to substitute ingredients to see what effect they have on your model. Use caution with the dry ice. It is extremely cold and can give you frostbite if you touch it. Wear gloves! Dry Ice Model Comet Materials A bowl or pot large enough to hold your ingredientsA cup of water (it will freeze into ice when mixed with the cold dry ice)A cup of dirt (this contains organic compounds and grit, like a real comet)A cup of sand (many comets contain silicates, like sand or quartz)Some charcoal (comets contain dark material, which can be carbon, like charcoal)A bit of household ammonia or window cleaner (ammonia is a nitrogen compound observed in comets)A couple of cups of crushed dry ice (carbon dioxide is common in comets)Syrup (optional: adds organic compounds and helps the comet stick together)Newspaper (optional: place it on your workspace to make clean-up easier) Make the Comet If your dry ice arrives in large chunks, you can place it in a paper bag and smash it with a hammer to crush it. If you get dry ice pellets, you can use them as they are. Use a wooden spoon or gloved hand to mix together the ingredients and crush them together to make a lumpy ball. Like real comets, your model may break apart. One tip to help it stick together is to let it rest for a couple of moments before picking it up and examining it. You can simulate the solar wind to make a comet tail by blowing on the model. The heat of your breath will mimic the warmth of the sun. Do you smell the ammonia? Real comets smell a bit like window cleaner! Liquid Nitrogen Comet Another way to simulate a comet with a tail is to use liquid nitrogen. For this comet, you dip a porous, rocky material into liquid nitrogen and remove it to see the vapor trail. Since liquid nitrogen is even colder than dry ice, youll want to use long-handled tongs. A good material for the rocky comet is a charcoal briquette. Compare the Simulated Comet To a Real Comet Comets that we see come from either the Oort Cloud or the Kuiper Belt. The Oort Cloud is a sphere of material that surrounds the solar system. The Kuiper Belt is a region located beyond Neptune that contains many icy bodies within range of the Suns gravity. A real comet may be considered to be a sort of dirty snowball made of frozen water, dust, rocks, and dust. There are three parts to a comet: Nucleus - The dirty snowball part of the comet is its nucleus, which consists of meteoritic dirt, frozen gases (like dry ice), and water.Coma - As the nucleus of the comet moves close enough to the Sun, it warms and the frozen gases sublimate into vapor. The vapor pulls dust particles with it away from the nucleus. Light reflecting off the dust accounts for the fuzzy shape of a comet.Tail - Comets are in motion, so they leave a trail of gas and dust in their wake. The solar wind also pushes matter away from the comet and ionizes it into a bright tail. Depending on its location, a comet may have one or two tails.

Global Warming and Its Effects Essay - 608 Words

Global warming is an increase in the earths temperature due to fossil fuels, industry, and agricultural processes caused by human, natural, and other gas emissions. This results in an increased emission of greenhouse gases. Climate changes occur in our earths atmosphere due to a buildup of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases can occur naturally as well as a result of human activities. Problems can occur when higher concentrations of greenhouse gases are present in our atmosphere because they have enhanced our earths heat trapping capability. There are many misconceptions about global warming. Some believe that pollution causes global warming, but the fact is global warming is the result of burning fossil fuels, coal, and oil that†¦show more content†¦Automobiles, heat from homes and businesses, and factories are responsible for about 80% of todays carbon dioxide emissions, 25% of methane, and 20% of the nitrous oxide emissions. The increase in agriculture, deforestation, land fills, industrial production, and mining contribute a significant share of emissions too The Centers for Disease Control have been involved in studying global warmings effect on human health. Global warming is a danger to a humans health. Its affect on climate can adversely affect humans. Plagues have been attributed to global warming. An increase in temperature can result in a longer life cycle for diseases or the agents spreading them. Living in a warm area makes egg production a quicker process. Global warming will lead to more precipitation, which enables infectious diseases to be more easily contracted and spread. Effects of global warming on human health might not be immediately detected. Birds are a species that will be affected by a change in the climate. Global warming might result in birds finding a more permanent home in northern areas in the Northern Hemisphere. The ecosystems of fish will be affected by global warming in a variety of ways. The chemical composition of wa ter could be changed. Fish may migrate to different areas. Other animals could be affected also due to changes in climate and habitat. Global warming can affect our futureShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effects985 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Science Professor Mahoney 11/11/14 Global Warming Over the last few decades global warming has become one of the biggest environmental issues of all times. Every year, global warming gets worse and it’s affecting the way people live, it is affecting the atmosphere in general, and other living organisms in our planet. Global warming is the gradual and increasing rise of the overall temperature of the Earth caused by the greenhouse effect due to the increased levels of carbon dioxide andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects Essay1040 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming is directly causing the rise in temperature of the Earth. The melting of the polar ice caps causes some of the most pressing issues including the endangerment of species indigenous to this region and the rise of ocean levels. Global Warming Global warming is the steady rise of temperature of the Earth’s surface. What exactly causes global warming? Numerous sources fuel global warming, such as deforestation, permafrost, and even sunspots. Obviously, many factors contribute to thisRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1331 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Global warming is the causation of the Glaciers melting, sea levels rising, cloud forests drying, and wildlife struggles today. Humans are making this possible because of their release of heat-trapping gasses known as greenhouse gasses by their modern devices. Global warming is the abnormal speedy increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. It is believed that this is due to the greenhouse gasses that people release into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.The greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects976 Words   |  4 PagesAs global warming, we understand that is the rise in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. It has been an immense concerning all over the world for the past decades since the current cycle of global warming is changing the rhythms of climate that humans, animals and plants rely on. Scientists have studied the natural cycles and events that are known to influence the change in climate to discover what i s originating the current global warming. However, the amount and pattern ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1571 Words   |  7 PagesAs global issues today become increasingly controversial, many people are inclined to believe that Global Warming is an issue that can take a backseat to more significant issues that plague today’s society. The information presented throughout my research in regards to the rising sea levels and the melting of glaciers and ice shelves, highly indicates that it cannot. What many Americans fail to realize is that if sea levels continue to rise due to Global Warming, then more than half of LouisianaRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is one of the vigorously discussed topic on Earth today. According to a TechMedia Network, â€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to b e permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warming †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warmingRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1432 Words   |  6 Pageshas an effect on climate change and contributes to global warming. Yet people tend to turn a blind eye to global warming and label it as a myth, whether they do not believe in it or it is not in their best financial interest to believe in it. Let us take a closer look at global warming and the effects it has on our people, homes and environments. Global Warming has become a rising problem in our world’s climate. It’s time we show the initiative to understand the concept of global warming and showRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects928 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal-Warming Mother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorb thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface some of it goes back out into spaceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1416 Words   |  6 Pages Global Warming The earth is getting warmer, animals and their habitats are declining, human health is at risk and the cause of all this terror is Global Warming. Global warming will cause many parts of the world to change. In the next 50 years climate change could be the cause of more than a million terrestrial species becoming extinct. Sea levels will raise which means more flooding and is not good for the plants. With too much water the plants will die and herbivores will lose theirRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1312 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is presenting a lot of environmental and health problems to many countries. A lot of heat gets trapped on earth due to formation of a non-porous layer gases below the atmosphere. The worst effect is felt by developing countries, which are also geographically disadvantaged. The establishment of such countries is on low altitude areas. This position makes developing countries to be direct victims of floods from the melting snow at high altit ude areas. A lot of scientific research associates

Sample Literature Review Free Essays

Title: Implicit side of the Olympic Games: The Past, Present and Future of Olympic Marketing. Summary: This dissertation is dedicated to the analysis of Olympic marketing as the implicit side of Olympic movement; evaluation of past, present and future profiles of Olympic marketing. Research literature review There’s a list of research papers dedicated to commercialization of sports in general. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the same time, there’s apparent deficit of studies, dedicated directly to the problem of Olympic marketing, due to the specificity and complexity of the field. Many of them, besides are out-of-date researches. Different aspects of marketing in Olympics appear described in various sources. Though a problem of Olympic marketing is discussed in a list of books and articles, none of them provides ultimate analysis of the phenomenon. It could be explained by the rapid changes in Olympic marketing itself and probable deficit of research data. To exemplify the thesis, one could mention that many studies related to Olympic marketing appear outdated already before they are published. Most of the papers provide, hence, a pure theoretical analysis of the research field. At the same time there is a certain deficit of quantitative researches. There are practically no research books and articles describing the structure of Olympic marketing, its financial revenues and their distribution, peculiarities of Games’ staging, profiles of major sponsors, etc. Monographs and multi-authors books Brenda Pitts and David Stotlar (Pitts et al, 1996) analyze sports marketing in their comprehensive research â€Å"Fundamentals of Sport Marketing†. The study is dedicated to the overall analysis of commerce in sports, its history and modern tendencies. The authors analyze the reasons of sports and marketing’s rapprochement and assess according contributions of business and sports. The researches also define differences of sports marketing from the other forms of promotion in diverse spheres, define the most specific features of sports marketing. The authors focus on several most important aspects of sports marketing, i. e. : development of marketing strategy in sports; clarifying the needs and goals of sports organization and evaluation the ways how a sponsor could contribute it; implementation of comprehensive marketing plans through sponsorship, licensing, ticketing, advertising, etc. The book provides both theoretical and practical data concerning sports marketing. The authors discuss historical aspects of sports marketing, as well as its presence and future, evaluate the general paradigm of sports marketing. Researchers also introduce the fundamentals of marketing inquiry including the basics of segmentation, targeting, and positioning in sport business, etc. Though the book itself is one of the most thorough and all-round analysis of the problem, the paradigm of Olympic marketing is less examined in the research. As a result, a reader could only learn the fundamentals of sports marketing in general, while Olympic marketing has several significant differences. The research of Mulin et al, 2000, is believed to be a groundbreaking text in the field pf sport marketing and management. The primary asset of the book lies in presenting of a new perspective of sports marketing. The authors didn’t just apply the general theory of marketing to sports; instead, they developed a new study of sports marketing based on their own experience. The research focuses on a special nature of sports marketing in a global perspective and the reasons of commercialization in sports environment (1); definition of consumers’ audience and marketing segmentation (2); licensing and pricing strategies of sports marketing (3); specificity of marketing sponsorship (4), etc. The real life examples, besides, make the study extremely valuable to a critical reader. Mulin et al, 2000, focuses on development and management of all-round marketing strategy in sports that includes advertising and promotion, licensing, branding, broadcasting etc. Unfortunately, the study also defines the fundamentals of sports marketing in general, while the paradigm of Olympic marketing remains completely unexamined. Pelsmacker et al, 2001 examines the field of marketing communication. This comprehensive study covers establishment of marketing relationships between companies and corporate sponsors, development of PR and advertising program, provision of effective marketing management. Though the research doesn’t examine the field of sports marketing, the authors provide a fundamental theoretical framework applicable for the further analysis of Olympic marketing. Brad Wise (Wise, 1997) gives an overview of Olympic marketing in his monograph â€Å"Sports marketing: rules of the game and strategies for success†. The author describes the main tendencies of commercialization in sports and analyzes general principles of sports marketing. Though the book is valuable to general apprehension of marketing in sports, its contribution in understanding of Olympic marketing is insufficient. Shank, 1999, defines future perspectives of marketing in sports, summarized in his recent book â€Å"Sports marketing: a strategic perspective†. The author defines positive and negative impacts of marketing relationships in sports and discusses major tendencies of sports and commerce co-existence. Shank, 1999, also focuses on advertising, promotion and sponsorship in a global sports. The primary accent, however, is made rather on commercialization of sports in general, while the marketing profile of Olympic Games remains underexamined. McDonald, 1999 analyzes the recent case studies of sports marketing, also including the most peculiar specimens of Olympic marketing. The author focuses on 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City in the chapter â€Å"Lake City 2002 Winter Olympic Games – the prevention of ambush marketing†. Though the contribution of the author is sufficient, he didn’t analyze the implicit aspects of Olympic marketing providing, instead, the overview of its most explicit manifestations. Shilbury, 1998 devoted his research to the economic aspects of sports marketing, the Olympic marketing as well lacks its comprehensive analysis. Pemberton, 1997 analyzes fundamentals of sports marketing on his own experience. The study incorporates the aspects of establishment and maintenance of cooperation between sports and sponsoring companies and their reciprocal revenues. Though the author provides easy-to-understand, step-by-step explanation of sports as a multibillion business, he focuses on the American sports events. Olympic marketing remains out of the field of author’s researches as well. There’s also a list of work dedicated directly to the Olympic Movement that uncover the fundamentals of Olympic marketing. R. Mandell, 1976, critically analyzes the first Olympic Games of modernity in his book â€Å"The First Modern Olympics†. The author uncovers marketing aspects of the Games, discusses private and corporate sponsorship, sources of Games’ revenues, philatelic program, etc. This information is necessary to understand the making of modern Olympic marketing in historical perspective. F. Landry (Landry et al, 1996) summarizes the major achievements of the IOC (also including its financial achievements) in her study dedicated to the centenarian anniversary of the Olympic Games. The study serves a comprehensive guide through the marketing history of the IOC, its major decisions and innovations. This research complicates the theoretical premises of sports marketing presented in the previous studies. J. Lucas, 1980, analyzed Olympic Games and related phenomena, also including marketing, in his research â€Å"The Modern Olympic Games†. Though the book contains valuable information concerning the problem, the analysis is much outdated. Nevertheless, suggested data is important for the analysis of Olympic marketing in historical perspective. D. Wallechinsky, 1984 analyzes Olympic marketing in his â€Å"The Complete Book of the Olympics†. The primary drawback of the research is still out-of-date information. H. Preuss, 2000 provides a comprehensive analysis of Olympic Games’ economics. A longitudinal research covering almost thirty years of Olympic history since 1972 to 2000, remains obviously the most reliable and all-round analysis of Olympic marketing. The author analyzes all characteristics pertaining to Olympic marketing, defines peculiarities of marketing in Olympic sphere, suggests comprehensive statistical data. At the same time, development of marketing relationships in pre-1972 era is underexamined in the study. Research articles There’s a number of articles examining the problem of sports marketing in general, and Olympic marketing in particular. Marshall et al, 1992 develops the idea of corporate sponsorship in sports. The author analyzes implicit relationships between the organizers and sponsors, as well as their profits, evaluates the assets of corporate sponsorship in sports. The article, however, doesn’t deal with the Olympic marketing directly, that reduces its value for the present research. Sandler et al, 1989, describes Olympic marketing in his article â€Å"Olympic sponsorship vs. â€Å"ambush marketing†: who gets the gold? †. This comprehensive analysis, however, is also much out-of-dated by now. Stotlar, 1993 develops the idea of marketing relationships in Winter Olympics. The author focuses on the idea of corporate sponsorship of the Games that is important for making overall conclusions regarding the role of marketing in staging and holding the Games. Several articles are dedicated to the particular aspects of Olympic marketing. Busby, 1997, analyzes media sponsorship of the sports. The author focuses in broadcasting policies, rights fees and coverage of the sports events as well as the role of broadcasting in sports’ development. More broad definition of Olympic marketing in the aspect of licensing is provided in the Crabb and Ji article â€Å"The Olympic Movement: the Games and Olympic IPR†. The research suggests all-round information concerning the organizing and staging of the Games, main challenges of host cities, and importance of Intellectual Property to the Olympic Movement. The research of T. Atobelli (Atobelli, 1997) is dedicated to the analysis of Olympic marketing program in Sydney. Though the article was written two years prior to the Games, the author has managed to define the main strategies of Sydney’s marketing policy in the aspect of financing and peculiarities of its implementation. As a result, he introduced the â€Å"nitty-gritty† of Olympic marketing to the readers Batcha, 1998, undertook a critical approach to Olympic marketing. The author developed the idea of multiple malversations in sports marketing. Batcha, 1998, believes, that sponsors have turned to be the real competitors of the Olympic events instead of sportsmen. The author states that growing commercialization of the Games has made a serious influence of equity and impartiality of the Olympic Movement. Greek researcher Papandropoulos (Papandropoulos, 2004), instead, believes in a necessity of Olympic marketing in a global perspective. The author provides necessary statistical data concerning staging of 2004 Games in Athens and also defines most important historical landmarks of Olympic marketing and their influence on Games’ development. The author describes the roots of Olympism and sources of its financial supports changing throughout the times. Papandropoulos, 2004 analyzes Olympic sponsorship as a serious source of Games’ funding. This information is vital for the general analysis of Athens 2004 marketing plan. On-line reports and researches Internet reports and documents also provide important information about Olympic marketing. One of the most comprehensive studies is a commemorative report of the International Olympic Committee dedicated to the history and presence of Olympic movement (The Olympic Movement, 1997). The research grants a reader with all-round evaluation of Olympic marketing, its development and future prospects. The paper also provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the Olympic marketing that, unfortunately, is now outdated in many aspects. Some principles of Olympic marketing are also described in the Olympic Charter – the official Constitution of the International Olympic Committee. Much information concerning fundamentals of Olympic marketing is accessible on the official site of the International Olympic Committee. The site provides an excurse into the past of Olympic marketing, mentions key dates of its making as well as most important innovations. Forasmuch as the site is being permanently updated, it grants most recent and reliable information concerning the revenues, distributions and expenditures of Olympic Movement. The site also proposes a number of quantitative data concerning financial revenues of the Committee. Presented charts offer comparative analysis of marketing revenues’ growth. Unfortunately, most information is accessible only in a tabloid form that is enough to apprehend the overall idea of Olympic marketing; at the same time, the data is insufficient for a comprehensive analytical research. The international Olympic Committee issues a bulletin dedicated to Olympic Marketing. â€Å"Marketing matters† bulletin is accessible on the official site of the Olympic Committee and could be regarded as a most complete and reliable source concerning past, present, and future of Olympic marketing. The bulletin, besides, provides the reports of IOC’s Marketing Commission and Organizing Committees of the Games’ functioning. The most recent qualitative-quantitative data covering marketing plans of 2004 Games in Athens and 2008 Games in Beijing is also available in the bulletin. How to cite Sample Literature Review, Essays

International Human Resources Canada and France

Introduction Organizations have identified hiring qualified human resources as a strategy towards successful human planning and management. It is a key to employee satisfaction and growth which translates into increased productivity. For an excellent performance, managers focus on crating structures and management systems that promote initiative and creativity among the human resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Resources Canada and France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are used by firms to create a competitive advantage and create consistency in organizational growth. Although these practices are considered to be universal, there is a lot of diversity in the way different countries manage human resources (Guerrero Didier, 2004). Cross national divergence in employment practices is perceptible to the different methods in which policy makers in different organizational environment s react to the challenges of global competition. There exists a considerable heterogeneity in labor resources practices among the nations. They noted the development of certain employment practices comprising of a team based production, devolved decision making, active employee involvement, reward for performance, and new designs of training and skill acquisition (Lawler Hundley, 2008). Most French firms exhibit high involvement practices which are closely linked to their positive growth (Guerrero Didier, 2004). On the other hand, Canada focuses on innovative human resource strategies through employee engagement in the various operational activities within the firms (Eco Canada, 2009). This paper compares and contrasts the prevailing human resource practices in Canada and France, and how they influence growth and development. Job Design Analysis Job analysis and design has been put at the heart of human resource practices and has been treated as the most critical aspect in managi ng business. France has maintained global competitiveness by concentrating on a market driven adjustment process in which state owned enterprises have been privatized. Firms have moved from the highly standardized procedures to enable workers to include their innovative ideas. This is slowly eliminating the authoritarian form of leadership and employees can implement change while still following the hierarchies put in place. They have the opportunity to control and understand their work, firms use this strategy to gather intelligence, ideas and motivation from the employees and match their potential with the right tasks.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This way, employees do not experience stress but are self motivated to obtain personal, career goals and the company objectives. This form of commitment has demonstrated a positive impact as observed on the turnover rate and t he positive work environment (Guerrero Didier, 2004). As for Canada, firms are going beyond the standard approaches such as knowledge, abilities, and skills emphasize on self motivation, teamwork, adaptability and creativity to create a competency focussed approach. These are combined with the technical skills and knowledge to ensure that firms attract talent and the right candidates. This also promotes employee retention and helps organizations in overcoming the complexities that come with growth and expansion. It minimizes the cost and time taken during training and reduces the likelihood of errors. Rescan, for example, attracts individuals who share the same leadership values by marketing its achievements and awards to enlighten the public on its corporate culture and increase its employer brand awareness (Eco Canada, 2009). Human Resources Planning French firms are using human resource planning as a tool to compete globally. They have strengthened industry-institute interaction to ensure that the knowledge given to students is relevant to the roles given at the work place. To promote this interaction further, France came up with institutions to create an interface between the industries and the academia. Firms participate by supporting student projects, sponsoring long term research or even sharing their equipment and facilities for the purposes of learning. This prepares students for work and gives them an idea of what is expected of them in their preferred industries. The country faces a demographic shift challenge in the public sector. This is due to the large departure flow of old workers. There is no adequate time for the departing to train the incoming adequately. The pension is also costly given that they are leaving in large quantities. There should be the implementation of cost containment policies to cater for the long term financial needs (Reddy, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on International Human Resources Canada and France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Canada has also embraced institution-industry interaction. However, it has taken a special interest in the employment standards to promote a positive work environment, as well as proactive relationships. The labor program regulates the workplaces in the federal jurisdiction and has ensured that all businesses in Canada are regulated by the federal (Human Resources and Skills development in Canada, 2006). Recruitment Selection Most of the firms in Canada have embraced electronic labor exchange (www.ele-spe.otg). This serves as a form of recruitment that runs on computers with the ability of correlating the employers’ job specifications to the applicants’ qualifications. HRDC also assists the prospective job seekers to enhance their skills, with activities ranging from literacy and educational training to providing subsidies for individual training on the job, and they even prov ide tuition fees and offer sustenance income for those individuals who are still going to college. Despite employee referrals and advertising being the predominant sources for applicants, the web and the internet are gradually taking over as the preferred tool for recruitment (Zanko Ngui, 2002). Canada also uses employee referral programs to encourage staff involvement in the process. Some organizations encourage employees to refer candidates who posses the same values as themselves. Such employees are then rewarded if the employees referred prove to be of great value to the organization (Eco Canada, 2009). During the recession of 2001, many corporations were faced with an acute shortage of employees which made them result into unconventional strategies of recruitment such as the offering of referral bonus payments for employees who could recruit individuals in areas that they were mostly needed. Offers made to the new recruits also included considerable bonuses, and lead the emplo yers to facilitate employer friendly packages such as recreational facilities, and meals at the place of work. Most of these incentives soon disappeared as fast as they appeared, due to the recession of 2001 (Zanko Ngui, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Large companies in France have been using the internet as a tool for conducting recruitments. ANPE APEC which are the national employment agency and the executive employment agency respectively, attract the highest attention to their websites. Private and generalized websites developed in 1996, focus on interactivity. During 1999, American and European based websites were translated into French which contributed to their spread in France. By the year 2000, specialized websites designed by various companies dramatically increased. The most dominant screening tool is still the traditional employment interview. On average, the entire recruitment exercise needs about three interviews, and the final decision to employ an individual is taken by the manager who is usually liable for the recruit’s performance (Budhwar Sparrow, 2002). Orientation Most companies in France have experienced behavioral controls, which create distance between employees. This caused less attention to cust omers, and more emphasizes to the supervisors resulting in negative growth. Today, firms in France have adopted orientation strategies that promote teamwork and encourage new employees to work closely with their supervisors. Social exchange mechanisms have been promoted to create a free environment in which employees can freely interact to promote teamwork. The French tend to be very formal in their interaction with new people, and this affects the orientation process. However, once employees become familiar with one another, the formality is dropped, and colleagues easily address one another by the first name. Most firms encourage this friendly approach in which old and new employees interacting to compliment each other to achieve the organizational goals. Employees have equal rights and individuals are accountable for their actions. Thus, firms have solved the problem of dimensions in power. Social justice promotes peaceful relations at the workplace. Most of the firms also offer equal employment opportunities based on employee qualifications (Liao, Martocchio Joshi, 2010). Canadian firms recognize the importance of a well structured orientation process which increases the employees’ ability to integrate into the system. New employees learn about their areas of operation and the general information regarding the company. For instance, Terrapex international has created a detailed checklist that is used to guide employees on the basic work operations and include old staff members in the process. This checklist is designed to ensure that information is not only learnt from the supervisor but also co-workers (Eco Canada, 2009). On the other hand, France recognizes succession as a great form of orientation especially for top management. It ensures that new employees can successfully introduce their innovative ideas by experiencing the current strategies and identify areas that need change. Through this procedure, the company can maintain its current targ et market while seeking to expand. Instantaneous changes in an organization can discourage existing customers and succession eliminates such occurrences by encouraging new employees to learn the existing culture before introducing change (Haddadji, 2006). Training and Development In Canada, firms have ensured continuous training to their employees by introducing e-training and development. Employees can learn and interact with each other through e-programs. This way, accessing information is easy and fast thus they can respond to customer needs adequately (Barrow, 2003). In addition to pre-career education, the Canadian Centre for Management and development is working with Campuses to promote mid career development. Senior executives who have limited time have the option of attending quick fix seminars offered by private organizations (Goldfinch Wallis, 2009). Labor regulations in France have a huge impact on training programs. All French organizations with workforce of at least te n employees on the payroll are subject to mandatory contributions of about 1.5% of the salary bill. These are for the purposes of facilitating training or are liable to financial penalties. Organizations with fewer employees are required to contribute about 0.15% of the total wage bill towards training programs. On average, most organizations spend more than the required legal minimum on training which amounts to about 3% of the total wage bill. The rate of accessibility to training programs for employees is estimated at about 38%, and for organizations it is as high as 60%. This rate also fluctuates with qualification standards, ranging from 10% of casual workers to 60% for executives and technicians (Budhwar Sparrow, 2002). Performance Appraisal Performance appraisals have existed in most Canadian firms and have changed from mere check lists into result oriented approaches. Initially, these appraisals checked on the job behavior and personality traits. However, today most firms f ocus on performance standards, objectives and goals. Employees get to know what is expected of them and their progress in their current positions. This has been achieved by changing the process from one year event to become frequent and engaging to both employees and their supervisors. Similarly, French companies are also seeking to identify the relationship between individual career goals and the company’s goals and objectives. However, there is a weakness in that French labor law gives firms large flexibility in assessing and evaluating employee performance. Appraisals are influenced by employee education and social backgrounds and personal judgement. It has resulted in reduced morale and high power distance, and some firms experienced a low degree of openness and transparency in the evaluation process (Varma, Budhwar DeNisi, 2008). Career Development In general, in France, the individual employees are personally responsible for their own career development. However, the h uman resource role shares a collective responsibility with line supervisors and the top management in facilitating employee development in an attempt to maintain their loyalty. Consequently, human resource managers have to grapple with a new phenomenon of psychological contracts in which most organizations no longer provide long term contracts to their employees. Instead employees are forced to accept the burden of developing their own credibility to be employed, both externally and internally, but they need the assistance of the organization to attain their career objectives. Legal requirements like the competences balance sheet provide some leeway to individuals. Assessment Centre is utilized quite frequently. This is especially in assessing an individual’s potential. Nevertheless, individuals view the traditional assessment interview as a principle career management strategy used by organizations (Lawler Hundley, 2008). Canada also emphasizes on individual growth for in w hich firms encourage employees to work towards their aspiration by supporting creativity and innovation. While some employees will desire for higher positions in the future, others achieve their goals through intrinsic rewards such as job satisfaction, or accomplishing projects that improve the society’s quality of life (Goldfinch Wallis, 2009). Compensation, Employee Benefits and Services All the employment sectors in Canada have worker’s compensation regulations. Therefore, individuals who suffer from work related injuries or sickness are obligated to forego individual rights to legal prosecutions in order to get special benefits. In various jurisdictions, there are other privileges that include the right of being re-employed in case an employee is deemed capable of returning to his normal duties by a medical practitioner (Zanko Ngui, 2002). The cost of employee benefits has increased, and Canadian firms have adopted mechanisms to contain these costs. These firms r equire employees to pay a lot for health care in an effort to limit their expenditure on employee benefits. They have also increased their investment in accommodation and enhancement benefits, as well as the elimination of retiree health insurance. These strategies allow firms to contain costs and offer the employees adequate benefits ad proper working conditions (Werner, 2012). Private French firms have different terms from civil servants, farmers and the self employed. The private firms tend to have more generous benefits, and this has attracted more people into the private sector (Blanke, Blanpain Rose, 2005). Occupational Health Safety In Canada, the laws and regulations relating to compensation do not offer the many required incentives to the corporations to invest in health and safety measure as compared to the regulations in France which encourage investment in health and safety. However, in both countries, firms have opted for the consumer driven health care objectives whi ch help companies to control their costs while still offering employees a greater choice in health care. Some of the popular approaches include the Flexible spending accounts, which enable employees to pay for their medical expenses that are not covered with deductible insurance schemes. Health reimbursement accounts are also used as they help in cutting down health costs for the employers (Werner, 2012). Effective Labor/ Union Relations Labor unions are used to represent employees in passing laws that favor employee interests in both countries. It includes both national and international unions to ensure that workers in other regions like the United States are also considered. France, for instance, is characterized by a strong state intervention in which relations between firm managers and labor have always been conceived with the assistance of a third party actor which is the state. French Law uses collective bargaining as the only source basis for wage regulation (Blanke, Blanpai n Rose, 2005). Canada has public and private sector unions which have experienced a lot of rifts as a result of political action. This has also led to the divisions between the national and international unions. Centralized bargaining should be encouraged to ensure that unions have a greater leverage on employers to improve workers wages and working conditions (Phelan, 2007). Workplace Diversity French firms have been lagging behind in terms of diversity and equality in the workplace. This has prompted the government to create a national diversity plan to deal with diversity issues. France has been ranked near bottom among the European countries. Therefore, firms have been urged to include immigrants from former French colonies in their recruitment process. The country has also experienced challenges since it does not allow any religious practices like wearing veils in public. This discriminates individuals who feel that they are entitled to practice their religious values even at the workplace (Borrego Greggory, 2011). The Canadian work force has become very diverse in terms of race, gender, ethnicity, physical abilities and national origins. This is attributed to the need for employees deal with customers with diverse origins and the need to work as teams. Western Union is one of the companies that have embraced diversity with employees from China, Colombia, India, Poland, and Philippines among others. Such organizations have been driven by the need to gain a competitive edge in expanding to international markets and to meet the diverse population needs (Guffey Almonte, 2009). Conclusion In both countries, human resource development has been used by firms to gain a competitive advantage in the local and international markets. This lays the foundation of generating a well educated and skilled labor force. In both countries, the use of employee referrals was used during when the economies experienced shortages of technically skilled labor, with the employee s who gave referrals benefiting from bonuses from their employers. Globalization has promoted diversity in the workplace. This has led to international processes and procedures in human resource. Although the countries exhibit differences in their human resource practices, both countries are converging towards a central point. They are quite similar in many aspects but differ only in relation to the cultural norms valued by the citizens of the respective countries. For organizations to retain a stable workforce, they should be able to attract and retain their employees. References Blanke, T., Blanpain, R., Rose, E. (2005). Collective bargaining and wages in comparative perspective: Germany, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The Hague [u.a.: Kluwer Law Internat. Borrego, E. Greggory, R (2011). Cultural Competence for Public Managers: Managing Diversity in Today’s World. New York: Taylor and Francis. Eco Canada, (2009). HR Best Practices Report. Retrieve d from: https://www.eco.ca/pdf/ECO_HR_BestPractices_Report.pdf Goldfinch, S., Wallis, J. (2009). International handbook of public management reform. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Guerrero, S. Didier, V. B. (2004). High-involvement practices and performance of French firms. International Journal of Human Resources Management, 15 (8): 1408-1423. Guffey, M. E., Almonte, R. (2009). Essentials of business communication. Toronto: Nelson Education. Haddadji, S. (2006). CEO Succession and Strategic Change and Orientation in Small and Medium Sized Firms: New Perspectives from France. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 15 (3): 81-98. Human Resources and Skills development in Canada. (2006). Employment Standards, Retrieved from: http://www.oag-bvg.gc.ca/internet/index.htm Lawler, J. J., Hundley, G. S. (2008). The global diffusion of human resource practices: Institutional and cultural limits. Bingley, UK: Emerald JAI. Liao, H., Martocchio, J. J., Joshi, A. (2010). Research in personnel and human resources management: Vol. 29. Bingley: Emerald. Phelan, C. (2007). Trade union revitalisation: Trends and prospects in 34 countries. Oxford: Peter Lang. Reddy, M. S. (2005). Human resource planning. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House. Varma, A., Budhwar, P. S. DeNisi, A. S. (2008). Performance Management Systems; A Global Perspective. New York: Taylor and Francis. Werner, S. (2012). Managing Human Resources in North America: Current Issues and Perspectives, New York: Routledge. Zanko, M., Ngui, M. (2002). The handbook of human resource management policies and practices in Asia-Pacific economies. Northampton, Ma: Edward Elgar Pub. This essay on International Human Resources Canada and France was written and submitted by user Dorothy R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.